The causes and origins of separatism in Jammu and Kashmir
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31558/2519-2949.2021.1.7Keywords:
Jammu and Kashmir; India; Pakistan; China; SeparatismAbstract
Indian society is distinguished by an extraordinary diversity of ethnic, confessional, caste and social. Ethnic groups inhabiting the country are different in size, levels of economic development and national identity, degree of consolidation and autonomy. In addition, the ethnic situation in India is complicated by the religious factor. Approximately 85% of the population of India belongs to the Hindu community, the rest are minority communities (Muslims, Christians of various denominations, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains). In addition, as a political unity, modern India was created artificially, as a result of the British conquest. Therefore, the national feeling arose after the fact, and not in the natural process of the national consolidation of the country.
It is not surprising that due to this heterogeneity of the population, India over the years of independence has faced many conflict situations caused by dissatisfaction with its position on the part of various ethnic, social and religious groups, as well as contradictions between their interests. Such protests of minorities, as well as conflicts on ethnic and religious grounds, always pose a threat to political stability, and sometimes – to the territorial integrity of the country. In this regard, movements pursuing separatist goals pose a particular danger to the unity of the Indian state. Some of them (for example, the movement for the creation of an independent "Dravidistan" in southern India) were allowed within the federal system through the creation of the so-called "linguistic states" after the territorial reorganization in 1956. But even now, separatist movements continue in different parts of India. of varying intensity. The central and regional authorities of the country are making great efforts in the fight against separatism. To do this, they use the entire available arsenal of means and methods: from options for suppressing separatists by military force to peace negotiations and considering the possibility of a political settlement of the problem.
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