Peculiarities of formation of state immigration policy of certain developed countries

Abstract

The article is devoted to the issues of immigration policy, which is an important political tool for achieving social goals in the field of economy, demography, security and nation building. In today’s world, developed countries have joined the competition for highly skilled migrants and quality carriers of human capital, using immigration as an important resource for economic and demographic development. The unfavorable demographic situation formed in Ukraine before the beginning of the new millennium forces us to consider migration as an important resource, the use of which can compensate for the natural decrease in population. In traditional countries of reception of immigrants, there are serious problems in addressing the integration of migrants, national security, tolerance, socio-economic stability and intercultural dialogue. The immigration policy of Great Britain, Australia, Canada is studied and it is determined that any immigration policy is not without contradictions, its mechanism evolves and develops, and the institutional framework is formed within a certain political regime and reflects the political culture, values, goals of the nation. The essential characteristics of political regulation and levels of immigration policy of developed countries are formulated. Focus on the main components of the immigration policy of the studied countries, namely, issues related to the reception of migrants; the problems of their integration and socialization allow us to say that a special place among the factors that determine the process of development and implementation of immigration policy is occupied by the political regime.
It is substantiated that the formation of a single immigration policy for member states does not exclude the existence of national models of integration of migrants into the host society within the supranational immigration policy regime. Preservation of national models of integration is due to the presence of political and cultural national and regional features of the national community with a predominance of either civil or ethnic vectors. Differentiation of integration policies of member states is due to the presence of political and cultural differences between them in the field of national identity, citizenship and naturalization.