Overcoming the oligarchization of political parties as an indicator of Ukraine’s national interests.

Abstract

The aim is to prove the link between the internal party organization, democratization and the realization of national interests.

It is emphasized that the effectiveness of realization of national interests of the state depends on many factors. One of them is the activities of political parties and their influence on the political system’s development. Political parties are one of the main institutions in modern political systems. It is the parties that are called to serve as mechanisms for aggregation and articulation of the public interest, selforganization of the population, to be a specific link for the interaction of the state and society. But for an effective activity of a political party an adequate organizational structure is required that corresponds to the ideological principles, principles and functional purpose of a particular party.

Considered signs of oligarchization by R. Michels: the emergence of leadership; the emergence of professional leadership and its stabilization; the formation of a bureaucracy, that is, a designated apparatus; centralization of power; reorientation of goals from finite to other; strengthening the ideological regime; the difference between the interests and the ideological position of the leaders and party members; reduction of the role of party members in decision-making; co-optation of leaders of the party opposition in the ranks of the current leadership; the orientation of the party in support of all voters, not their class. A comparative analysis of oligarchic and democratic tendencies within parties was conducted based on the criteria of the French scientist M. Duverger. The indicated essence and content of the category «the political parties architectonic management». The typology of intraparty relations is outlined on the basis of such criteria of classification as the nature of goals, means of their achievement, priorities of activity, incentives for unification and the nature of the social base. On the basis of intraparty relations, the types of political parties are analyzed according to the classification of domestic researchers.

It is noted that democratic and oligarchic tendencies are strongly intertwined within parties, in particular Ukrainian ones. This is due to the transformation and modernization of the political regime, the lack of experience in effective party building and the need to combine party discipline and possible openness. The index of intraparty democratization proposed for use. Some recommendations for reducing the tendencies of intraparty oligarchization in the context of the national interests realization of Ukraine are given.