Migration of Ukrainians to Poland as the consequence of state policy.

Abstract

Nowadays, migration processes are formed under the influence of state policy and become indicators of efficiency of state institutions. This paper is the authors’ attempt to prove that migration of Ukrainian population to Poland is the result of implementation of state policy. In addition to the complex socioeconomic situation in the country, the systematic state policy of Europe and Russia in economic, education, redistribution of natural and human resources contributes to the migration of Ukrainians. The authors reveal the main trends in the migration of Ukrainians to Poland on the basis of empirical data from the State Statistics Committee of Ukraine, sociological surveys and historical memory of Ukrainians and Poles. The precise and sound state policy of Poland and the reality of Ukraine, the inadequacy of the public policy, the war in the East and economic problems result in the increase rates and volumes of Ukrainian migration to Poland, especially labour and educational.

The closest neighbours – Russia, Hungary and Poland, unlike Ukraine, have the clear state policy on attracting migrants, in particular Ukrainians, in order to replenish human capital and labour resources.

Such states policies of «recipient countries» pose a threat to Ukraine’s national security and require the revision of own Ukrainian state migration policy. Ukrainian authorities demonstrate inactivity in terms of settlement of migration flows, registration of migrants abroad and development of migration policy. Despite the reform, the current economic, political and social situation leads more people to migrate. In particular, it is about labour migration, which leads to an increase in the number of illegal immigrants or emigrants with dual citizenship. The preservation of the human capital and providing sufficient opportunities for its development, and conversion into real national value is a challenge for state institutions both in Ukraine and Poland. World migration trends show an outflow of human capital to global cities and areas convenient for living. A decrease of the national population and the exhaustion of the intellectual capital of nation-states is a current trend in all countries of Eastern Europe.