Strategies and tactics of linguistic manipulation in politics

Abstract

The relevance of the study is determined by the fact that strategies and tactics of linguistic manipulation are a relatively understudied topic. It causes differences in the definition of these concepts, and also the absence of a single approach to how these concepts relate to each other. Therefore, the purpose of the study is a comprehensive analysis of strategies and tactics of linguistic manipulation in politics. Linguistic means of manipulation are selected and composed in accordance with certain strategies and tactics of influence aimed at convincing the addressee in the correctness of the positions proposed by the manipulator. At the same time, strategies and tactics are not universal and effective in all situations, and their choice depends on the existing context, which is determined by many parameters, including the nature of the discourse, the context of culture and its values, the types of linguistic personalities participating in the formation of the discourse, etc. At the same time, the ways of constructing a statement or a text – the so-called techniques or moves – also acquire manipulativeness only in a specific communicative (linguistic) act.Today, there is no single approach to how strategies and tactics of linguistic manipulation relate to each other. Some researchers link them as type and sort and in some cases allow the use of these concepts as synonyms, while others propose to clearly distinguish these terms from each other, as general and particular. In addition to strategies and tactics, some researchers distinguish linguistic means and techniques (moves) of linguistic influence, which are usually understood as separate linguistic actions that make up the tactics of linguistic influence. And such an approach, in our opinion, is quite successful, since it allows analyzing linguistic influence both at the macro and micro levels. In this context, a particular communicative strategy is implemented in the corresponding communicative tactics. At the same time, a particular communicative tactic is implemented by the consistent implementation of communicative moves (techniques) – minimally significant elements aimed at achieving a communicative goal. At the same time, communicative tactics and moves (techniques) are closely correlated with linguistic tactics and moves (techniques). So, linguistic tactics are the way of linguistic influence through the use of a set of linguistic techniques, and at the same time any linguistic strategy is implemented through the use of linguistic tactics (or a set of linguistic tactics).