Migration and migration policy as a subject of political research

Abstract

Migration is a dynamic, continuous global phenomenon that drives population migration flows both within and across borders. The relevance of studying migration policy as a subject of political research in modern conditions stems from the increasing dynamics of migration processes, which pose significant challenges to the demographic, socio-economic, and security factors of national development. Factors such as economic inequalities, military-political instability, and climate change necessitate the development of an effective and robust migration policy based on principles of social equity and adaptability to current challenges. Accordingly, it is important to emphasize that studying the key determinants of migration policy is critical given the growing trend of population movements. The purpose of this article is to explore migration and migration policy as a subject of political research, considering both national realities and international experience. The article analyzes the essence of migration policy by examining definitions of this concept provided by various scholars, leading to the formulation of the author’s own definition of the term. It elaborates on the directions for shaping migration policy as an element of political research and examines the institutional framework for its formation. The impact of migration processes on demographic and socio-economic aspects is evaluated, and both positive and negative factors of population migration are identified. Examples are provided to illustrate the impact of migration waves on the economic situation in specific countries. The article also explores the influence of migration on security conditions at transnational and international levels. Prospective directions for shaping migration policy are specified and substantiated, with a focus on achieving relevance between migration policy and socio-economic development strategies; maintaining a proper balance between migration processes and security standards; developing and implementing effective mechanisms for managing migration processes that account for public interests; creating a high-quality institutional framework; and continuously adapting the legal and regulatory provisions of migration policy to address emerging global challenges.