National Movements of the Postmodern Era (the project of extra-territorial self-determination of the Roma people)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31558/2519-2949.2023.2.1Keywords:
political space; spatial development of the EU; local groups; Roma ethnic minority; Roma nationalism; cross-border nation; International Roma Committee; ethnic lobbyingAbstract
The transformation of the world political system in the postmodern era, which is primarily manifested in the process of polymorphization of actors of socio-political interaction, necessitates the creation of a new filter for describing the practices of political participation, representation and self-determination. Changes are also taking place in the content and conceptual understanding of the key concepts of political existence: "nation" and "state".
The article notes that the modern political process does not absolutize the relationship between the state and the nation, nor their territoriality. Both phenomena have gained conceptual freedom and demonstrated autonomous development in the form of: non-state nations; states that are rethinking their national development program; nations that have "grown" beyond the territories of their states; states that do not control their territories; dislocated nations of the diaspora (network) type, etc.
A condition for revising the conceptual content of the concept of "nation" and forming a new format of the international system is the recognition of the active role of dispersed ethno-cultural systems and local minority social structures. At the regional, national, and global levels, many parallel places of governance and forms of representation have emerged that enable such groups to build representative socio-political systems that are alternative to the functions of the territorial state.
Among the dispersed groups based on ethnic identity that seek political recognition and representation but do not demand territorial self-determination are the Roma. The unusual nature of the Roma’s claims to the status of a non-territorial nation has become possible in the context of the transformation of the EU’s territorial and political space, where the process of spatial development is moving towards limiting the political significance of national modern systems and empowering local spaces and groups.
The article shows the process of civic emancipation of the Roma in the context of the ongoing integration of European countries, which allowed to use the advantages of the EU space to form the administrative, political, social and financial governance of the Roma. This process demonstrates the transformation of a cross-border national minority into a national network-type system that has proper representation in the UN and the EU.
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